Epilepsy and seizures are characterized by bursts of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning.

• A. Degeneration of neurons in spinal cord
• B. Immune attack on peripheral nerves
• C. Bursts of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning
• D. Inflammation of meninges

Answer: (C)

Epilepsy and seizures are defined by bursts of electrical activity in the brain. These abnormal, synchronized discharges disrupt the normal signaling of neural networks, leading to symptoms that vary with where in the brain the activity occurs—such as altered awareness, convulsions, or unusual sensations. The other options describe problems outside this brain-wide electrical disturbance: degeneration of spinal neurons affects motor pathways rather than causing brain electrical storms; immune attacks on peripheral nerves cause peripheral neuropathies; inflammation of the meninges leads to infection symptoms rather than the characteristic brain-wide electrical bursts. So the description that best fits epilepsy is the bursts of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning.