Which circulatory disorder involves the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries, causing narrowing and reduced blood flow?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Aneurysm
• C. Endocarditis
• D. CAD

Answer: (D)

This item tests understanding of atherosclerosis—the buildup of fatty plaques inside arteries that narrows the lumen and reduces blood flow. When this process affects the coronary arteries, it’s called coronary artery disease (CAD). The fatty deposits, rich in cholesterol and calcium, thicken and stiffen the artery walls, limiting blood flow to the heart muscle and potentially causing chest pain or a heart attack.

Hypertension describes high blood pressure, which is a hemodynamic condition rather than plaque buildup. An aneurysm is a weakened, bulging section of a vessel wall, a different vascular issue. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart’s inner lining or valves, not a plaque accumulation in arteries. Therefore, the scenario described—fatty deposits narrowing arteries and reducing blood flow—best fits coronary artery disease.